It is amazing how everyone’s life is changing through the use of technology.  “Technology by definition means, the branch of knowle...


It is amazing how everyone’s life is changing through the use of technology.




 “Technology by definition means, the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science”(Technology).

Today we use different kinds of technologies like mobile phones, iPods, laptops, mp3s, and all of the devices that create ease and comfort for every individual.

 Technology is updating every second.

 One of the most important thing that technology change is the way of communication.

 Technologies create more powerful and effective ways of communication like facebook, whtsapp, Instagram, snap-chat.

People are getting used to a new way to be alone together.

Conversation in number and quality decrease as technology is replacing human interactions.

 We know everything that’s going on around the world but don’t know about the people we are living with.

We are connecting to everyone through social media but are losing our friends and family.







 There is the perception that if you aren’t in good profession you are less regarded or accepted. "log kya khenge" I believ...



 There is the perception that if you aren’t in good profession you are less regarded or accepted.

"log kya khenge" I believe that’s a major problem.

  • Have you heard anyone say, “If you don’t study, you’re going to end up as a street cleaner”, or “Why are you pursuing music? You’re not going to earn enough to raise a family”, or “Eh, why do you want to work as a cook? Work long hours and barely earn enough, not good”, or “It’s not worth your time pursuing theatre, you can earn money?” or “Better be a doctor, can earn lots of money and take care of the family”.




  • I have heard this many times but why don’t we think if we all will become doctors, lawyers, engineer and there will no cooks, street cleaner, farmers then from where we are going to eat.  We want to earn more by becoming doctors, lawyers, and engineer but never think paying well to farmers.  We can eat in expensive restraunts, can buy expensive cloths but when we buy vegetables from vendors we start bargaining with them. They are leaving their lands and moving to cities in search of jobs because their pay from their farming is very low. Some are suiciding then how are we going to eat we will starve to death. If there will be no street cleaner we are going to live in trash because no one is going to clean them.



  • We can eat in expensive restraunts, can buy expensive cloths but when we buy vegetables from vendors we start bargaining with them  

  • People complain about dirty streets but shame the street cleaners. They say it is a tough life working as a hawker stall cook, but go out to food courts to enjoy expensive food there. They say don’t pursue music, art, film or theatre but they listen to music, enjoy art, watch movies and attend plays. They tell you not to be a farmer but expect vegetables in the supermarkets to be perfect or they won’t buy them. Hypocritical, right ?



  • We need to change our mindset. We need to respect all professions. Doctor, lawyer, accountant and engineer may be key professions that sustain life, but so are street cleaners, cooks, farmers and others.

So, stop judging and start appreciating others.

stop thinking about "log kya khenge"



BRONCHIAL ASTHMA A disease of airway produces by hypersentivity airway response Cause narrowing of the air passage CLIN...



BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

A disease of airway produces by hypersentivity airway response
Cause narrowing of the air passage




CLINICAL FEATURES

It is an episodic disease
Characterized by cough, wheezing and dyspnoea

PREVALANCE

5-10% people suffer from it
It may be mild and undergo unrecognized

TYPES

1.       ATOPIC ASTHMA(early onset asthma)

Hypersensitive asthmatic children who develop commonly IGE antibodies to allergen
Associated with family history of allergic disease

2.       NON – ATOPIC( late onset asthma )

Common in adults
Extrinsic allergens do not play much role

TRIGGER POINTS FOR ASTHMA





Allergens
   Dust
  Pollutants
  Pollens
  Food items
Aerosol sprays

PATHOLOGY

  •   Acute attack
  • Acute allergic / inflammatory response
  • Allergen + IGE
  • Mast cells releases histamine
  • Stimulation of H2 receptor on bronchial mucosa
  • BRONCHIOCONSTRICTION




DIAGNOSIS

Sputum and blood examination
Serum IGE level
Chest x-ray
Pulmonary function test
Arterial blood gas analysis
Exercise test

TREATMENT




Avoidance of allergen
H1N1 vaccine
Spin inhaler
Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids

RABIES Rabies is a major problem in some countries and carries a high mortality. Caused by RHABIDO VIRUS which has a marked a...



RABIES






Rabies is a major problem in some countries and carries a high mortality.
Caused by RHABIDO VIRUS which has a marked affinity for nervous system and the salivary glands
 It is transmitted by saliva through animal bites or licks on abrasions or an intact mucous membrane
Rabies has been transferred by kissing, biting and sexual intercourse have not been confirmed
Exists in two major epidemiological settings:
      1.       Urban rabies
      2.       Sylvian (wild)  rabies






      Rabies is caused by a virus that affects the central nervous system, particularly causing inflammation in the brain. Domestic dogs, cats, and rabbits, and wild animals, such as skunks, raccoons, and bats, are able to transfer the virus to humans via bites and scratches


PATHOGENESIS

The virus gains entry into salivary glands of rabid of rabid dogs 5-7days before their death from rabies
After entering in human body, the virus replicates in the muscle cells at the entry point
It then penetrates the nearby nerve endings and travel in the axoplasm to the spinal cord and brain
The virus from the CNS spreads to salivary glands, lungs, kidney, and other organs via the autonomic nerves

CLINICAL FEATURES

Incubation period is 9 days to several months
Severe bites on the face or head are associated with shorter incubation period
Delusions
Hallucinations
Hydrophobia
 Aerophobia

DIAGNOSIS

 Negri body’s examination
Skin biopsy
Corneal impression
Salivary secretion

TREATMENT





Diazepam
Chlorpromazine
Rabies vaccine
Monoclonal antibody
Ribavarin
Amantadine




WHOOPING COUGH Also known as PERTUSSIS It occur worldwide but its incidence has fallen tremendously in post vaccination era...




WHOOPING COUGH


Also known as PERTUSSIS


It occur worldwide but its incidence has fallen tremendously in post vaccination era

Humans are both natural host and reservoirs of infection

It is highly contagious and spread by droplets from infected untreated person

CLINICAL FEATURES




Its incubation period varies from 7 to 14 days
It is disease of childhood below the age of 5years, however no age is exempt.
Fever
Malaise
Rhinorrhoea
Lacrimation
High pitched inspiratory whoops
runny nose
nasal congestion 
sneezing


DIAGNOSIS



History of contact with infected person
Lymphocytosis
Leucocytosis
Raised ESR


TREATMENT


Erythromycin
Azithromycin


TETANUS Disorder of neuromuscular excitability caused by an exotoxin elaborated by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI It is characterized by...



TETANUS



Disorder of neuromuscular excitability caused by an exotoxin elaborated by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
It is characterized by rigidity and powerful muscle spasm

CLINICAL FEATURES




Incubation period is 7 days but varies from 3 to 14 days
Rigidity
Generalized spasm
Pain and tingling at site of inoculation
Lockjaw
Neck, shoulder, back pain
Rigidity of abdomen and proximal limb muscles

DIAGNOSIS

Total leucocyte count
The electromyogram
Muscle enzymes
Serum antitoxin level


TREATMENT

1.        1. GENERAL MEASURES


Nursing cares
Nutrition and caloric intake
Wound debridement
Monitoring of vital function
Tracheostomy

2. DRUG THERAPY


Antibiotics – penicillin
Antitoxins – TIG (Human tetanus immunoglobins)
Control of muscle spasm - diazepam
Control of autonomic dysfunction- beta blockers

PROPHYLAXIS

Prophylaxis of injured person requires wound cleansing and a booster dose of tetanus toxoid.



ACTIVE IMMUNISATION

Three doses are given during first year of life
The 1st and 2nd dose to be given at 4-8 weeks apart
3rd dose is given 6-12 month after 2nd dose



COMPLICATIONS

Pulmonary infections
Autonomic disturbance
Vertebral fractures myositis ossificans


AMAZONIA  Amazon, also known as Amazonia Amazon rainforest cover a huge area of earth which is 2,100,000 sq mi. ...



AMAZONIA 







Amazon, also known as Amazonia

Amazon rainforest cover a huge area of earth which is 2,100,000 sq mi.

○The majority of Amazon rainforest is located in Brazil which is 60% 
○10% in Peru 
○13% in Colombia 
○and a minor amount in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French guiana

Amazon rainforests provide huge amount of oxygen to our planet.

Apart from this,


Amazon rainforests are home to many tribes, rarely found herbs and millions of animals and birds.

In the 20th century, Brazil’s rapidly growing population settled into major areas of the Amazon Rainforest. The size of the Amazon forest shrank dramatically as a result of settlers’ clearance of the land to obtain lumber and to create grazing pastures and farmland.


Amazon rainforest does play a major role in keeping Environment healthy.

But, in last decade we can easily see that many forests have been on target of humans and they are doing every possible thing to gain profit from them, even if it's cause problems to environment. 

Amazon rainforest are burning since last month and still, there is no control over fire the whole world seems worried on this.



While Brazil's prime minister is showing no responsibility on this major issue. 

The 20 million dollars aid by G7 summit has been refused by Brazil.

It looks like they are going to turn Amazon rainforest into some yard for cattle’s so they can sell meat and earn money.

Planet Earth is already facing climate change, global warming, abnormal weather, glaciers melting and what not. 

The actor Leonardo dicaprio was raising funds which will be directly sent to local NGO'S so they take action on their level and try to put a ban on fires in Amazon jungle.


In some reports, it is said that the actual reason of fire in Amazon is farmers living there and rely on natural sources.

Anyone can easily notice that who is going to get advantage if they get an open land to erect a business over there.

A place where water, labor and help of government could be found quickly