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RABIES: PATHOGENESIS; CLINICAL FEATURES AND TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF
RABIES
Rabies is a major problem in some countries and carries a
high mortality.
Caused by RHABIDO VIRUS which has a marked affinity for
nervous system and the salivary glands
It is transmitted by
saliva through animal bites or licks on abrasions or an intact mucous membrane
Rabies has been transferred by kissing, biting and sexual
intercourse have not been confirmed
Exists in two major epidemiological settings:
1.
Urban rabies
2.
Sylvian (wild)
rabies
Rabies is caused by a virus that affects the central nervous system, particularly causing inflammation in the brain. Domestic dogs, cats, and rabbits, and wild animals, such as skunks, raccoons, and bats, are able to transfer the virus to humans via bites and scratches
PATHOGENESIS
The virus gains entry into salivary glands of rabid of rabid
dogs 5-7days before their death from rabies
After entering in human body, the virus replicates in the
muscle cells at the entry point
It then penetrates the nearby nerve endings and travel in
the axoplasm to the spinal cord and brain
The virus from the CNS spreads to salivary glands, lungs,
kidney, and other organs via the autonomic nerves
CLINICAL FEATURES
Incubation period is 9 days to several months
Severe bites on the face or head are associated with shorter
incubation period
Delusions
Hallucinations
Hydrophobia
Aerophobia
DIAGNOSIS
Negri body’s
examination
Skin biopsy
Corneal impression
Salivary secretion
TREATMENT
Diazepam
Chlorpromazine
Rabies vaccine
Monoclonal antibody
Ribavarin
Amantadine
