TETANUS Disorder of neuromuscular excitability caused by an exotoxin elaborated by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI It is characterized by...

TETANUS: CLINICAL FEATURES AND TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF

September 11, 2019 0 Comments



TETANUS



Disorder of neuromuscular excitability caused by an exotoxin elaborated by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
It is characterized by rigidity and powerful muscle spasm

CLINICAL FEATURES




Incubation period is 7 days but varies from 3 to 14 days
Rigidity
Generalized spasm
Pain and tingling at site of inoculation
Lockjaw
Neck, shoulder, back pain
Rigidity of abdomen and proximal limb muscles

DIAGNOSIS

Total leucocyte count
The electromyogram
Muscle enzymes
Serum antitoxin level


TREATMENT

1.        1. GENERAL MEASURES


Nursing cares
Nutrition and caloric intake
Wound debridement
Monitoring of vital function
Tracheostomy

2. DRUG THERAPY


Antibiotics – penicillin
Antitoxins – TIG (Human tetanus immunoglobins)
Control of muscle spasm - diazepam
Control of autonomic dysfunction- beta blockers

PROPHYLAXIS

Prophylaxis of injured person requires wound cleansing and a booster dose of tetanus toxoid.



ACTIVE IMMUNISATION

Three doses are given during first year of life
The 1st and 2nd dose to be given at 4-8 weeks apart
3rd dose is given 6-12 month after 2nd dose



COMPLICATIONS

Pulmonary infections
Autonomic disturbance
Vertebral fractures myositis ossificans


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