It is amazing how everyone’s life is changing through the use of technology.  “Technology by definition means, the branch of knowle...

TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW |FINDYOURSELF

September 22, 2019 1 Comments


It is amazing how everyone’s life is changing through the use of technology.




 “Technology by definition means, the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science”(Technology).

Today we use different kinds of technologies like mobile phones, iPods, laptops, mp3s, and all of the devices that create ease and comfort for every individual.

 Technology is updating every second.

 One of the most important thing that technology change is the way of communication.

 Technologies create more powerful and effective ways of communication like facebook, whtsapp, Instagram, snap-chat.

People are getting used to a new way to be alone together.

Conversation in number and quality decrease as technology is replacing human interactions.

 We know everything that’s going on around the world but don’t know about the people we are living with.

We are connecting to everyone through social media but are losing our friends and family.







 There is the perception that if you aren’t in good profession you are less regarded or accepted. "log kya khenge" I believ...

PROFESSION : A CHOICE ON "LOG KYA KHENGE" |FINDYOURSELF

September 20, 2019 2 Comments



 There is the perception that if you aren’t in good profession you are less regarded or accepted.

"log kya khenge" I believe that’s a major problem.

  • Have you heard anyone say, “If you don’t study, you’re going to end up as a street cleaner”, or “Why are you pursuing music? You’re not going to earn enough to raise a family”, or “Eh, why do you want to work as a cook? Work long hours and barely earn enough, not good”, or “It’s not worth your time pursuing theatre, you can earn money?” or “Better be a doctor, can earn lots of money and take care of the family”.




  • I have heard this many times but why don’t we think if we all will become doctors, lawyers, engineer and there will no cooks, street cleaner, farmers then from where we are going to eat.  We want to earn more by becoming doctors, lawyers, and engineer but never think paying well to farmers.  We can eat in expensive restraunts, can buy expensive cloths but when we buy vegetables from vendors we start bargaining with them. They are leaving their lands and moving to cities in search of jobs because their pay from their farming is very low. Some are suiciding then how are we going to eat we will starve to death. If there will be no street cleaner we are going to live in trash because no one is going to clean them.



  • We can eat in expensive restraunts, can buy expensive cloths but when we buy vegetables from vendors we start bargaining with them  

  • People complain about dirty streets but shame the street cleaners. They say it is a tough life working as a hawker stall cook, but go out to food courts to enjoy expensive food there. They say don’t pursue music, art, film or theatre but they listen to music, enjoy art, watch movies and attend plays. They tell you not to be a farmer but expect vegetables in the supermarkets to be perfect or they won’t buy them. Hypocritical, right ?



  • We need to change our mindset. We need to respect all professions. Doctor, lawyer, accountant and engineer may be key professions that sustain life, but so are street cleaners, cooks, farmers and others.

So, stop judging and start appreciating others.

stop thinking about "log kya khenge"



BRONCHIAL ASTHMA A disease of airway produces by hypersentivity airway response Cause narrowing of the air passage CLIN...

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA : PREVALANCE AND TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF

September 18, 2019 2 Comments



BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

A disease of airway produces by hypersentivity airway response
Cause narrowing of the air passage




CLINICAL FEATURES

It is an episodic disease
Characterized by cough, wheezing and dyspnoea

PREVALANCE

5-10% people suffer from it
It may be mild and undergo unrecognized

TYPES

1.       ATOPIC ASTHMA(early onset asthma)

Hypersensitive asthmatic children who develop commonly IGE antibodies to allergen
Associated with family history of allergic disease

2.       NON – ATOPIC( late onset asthma )

Common in adults
Extrinsic allergens do not play much role

TRIGGER POINTS FOR ASTHMA





Allergens
   Dust
  Pollutants
  Pollens
  Food items
Aerosol sprays

PATHOLOGY

  •   Acute attack
  • Acute allergic / inflammatory response
  • Allergen + IGE
  • Mast cells releases histamine
  • Stimulation of H2 receptor on bronchial mucosa
  • BRONCHIOCONSTRICTION




DIAGNOSIS

Sputum and blood examination
Serum IGE level
Chest x-ray
Pulmonary function test
Arterial blood gas analysis
Exercise test

TREATMENT




Avoidance of allergen
H1N1 vaccine
Spin inhaler
Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids

RABIES Rabies is a major problem in some countries and carries a high mortality. Caused by RHABIDO VIRUS which has a marked a...

RABIES: PATHOGENESIS; CLINICAL FEATURES AND TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF

September 16, 2019 0 Comments



RABIES






Rabies is a major problem in some countries and carries a high mortality.
Caused by RHABIDO VIRUS which has a marked affinity for nervous system and the salivary glands
 It is transmitted by saliva through animal bites or licks on abrasions or an intact mucous membrane
Rabies has been transferred by kissing, biting and sexual intercourse have not been confirmed
Exists in two major epidemiological settings:
      1.       Urban rabies
      2.       Sylvian (wild)  rabies






      Rabies is caused by a virus that affects the central nervous system, particularly causing inflammation in the brain. Domestic dogs, cats, and rabbits, and wild animals, such as skunks, raccoons, and bats, are able to transfer the virus to humans via bites and scratches


PATHOGENESIS

The virus gains entry into salivary glands of rabid of rabid dogs 5-7days before their death from rabies
After entering in human body, the virus replicates in the muscle cells at the entry point
It then penetrates the nearby nerve endings and travel in the axoplasm to the spinal cord and brain
The virus from the CNS spreads to salivary glands, lungs, kidney, and other organs via the autonomic nerves

CLINICAL FEATURES

Incubation period is 9 days to several months
Severe bites on the face or head are associated with shorter incubation period
Delusions
Hallucinations
Hydrophobia
 Aerophobia

DIAGNOSIS

 Negri body’s examination
Skin biopsy
Corneal impression
Salivary secretion

TREATMENT





Diazepam
Chlorpromazine
Rabies vaccine
Monoclonal antibody
Ribavarin
Amantadine




WHOOPING COUGH Also known as PERTUSSIS It occur worldwide but its incidence has fallen tremendously in post vaccination era...

WHOOPING COUGH: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF

September 14, 2019 0 Comments




WHOOPING COUGH


Also known as PERTUSSIS


It occur worldwide but its incidence has fallen tremendously in post vaccination era

Humans are both natural host and reservoirs of infection

It is highly contagious and spread by droplets from infected untreated person

CLINICAL FEATURES




Its incubation period varies from 7 to 14 days
It is disease of childhood below the age of 5years, however no age is exempt.
Fever
Malaise
Rhinorrhoea
Lacrimation
High pitched inspiratory whoops
runny nose
nasal congestion 
sneezing


DIAGNOSIS



History of contact with infected person
Lymphocytosis
Leucocytosis
Raised ESR


TREATMENT


Erythromycin
Azithromycin


TETANUS Disorder of neuromuscular excitability caused by an exotoxin elaborated by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI It is characterized by...

TETANUS: CLINICAL FEATURES AND TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF

September 11, 2019 0 Comments



TETANUS



Disorder of neuromuscular excitability caused by an exotoxin elaborated by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
It is characterized by rigidity and powerful muscle spasm

CLINICAL FEATURES




Incubation period is 7 days but varies from 3 to 14 days
Rigidity
Generalized spasm
Pain and tingling at site of inoculation
Lockjaw
Neck, shoulder, back pain
Rigidity of abdomen and proximal limb muscles

DIAGNOSIS

Total leucocyte count
The electromyogram
Muscle enzymes
Serum antitoxin level


TREATMENT

1.        1. GENERAL MEASURES


Nursing cares
Nutrition and caloric intake
Wound debridement
Monitoring of vital function
Tracheostomy

2. DRUG THERAPY


Antibiotics – penicillin
Antitoxins – TIG (Human tetanus immunoglobins)
Control of muscle spasm - diazepam
Control of autonomic dysfunction- beta blockers

PROPHYLAXIS

Prophylaxis of injured person requires wound cleansing and a booster dose of tetanus toxoid.



ACTIVE IMMUNISATION

Three doses are given during first year of life
The 1st and 2nd dose to be given at 4-8 weeks apart
3rd dose is given 6-12 month after 2nd dose



COMPLICATIONS

Pulmonary infections
Autonomic disturbance
Vertebral fractures myositis ossificans


AMAZONIA  Amazon, also known as Amazonia Amazon rainforest cover a huge area of earth which is 2,100,000 sq mi. ...

AMAZON, ALSO KNOWN AS AMAZONIA |FINDYOURSELF

September 09, 2019 0 Comments



AMAZONIA 







Amazon, also known as Amazonia

Amazon rainforest cover a huge area of earth which is 2,100,000 sq mi.

○The majority of Amazon rainforest is located in Brazil which is 60% 
○10% in Peru 
○13% in Colombia 
○and a minor amount in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French guiana

Amazon rainforests provide huge amount of oxygen to our planet.

Apart from this,


Amazon rainforests are home to many tribes, rarely found herbs and millions of animals and birds.

In the 20th century, Brazil’s rapidly growing population settled into major areas of the Amazon Rainforest. The size of the Amazon forest shrank dramatically as a result of settlers’ clearance of the land to obtain lumber and to create grazing pastures and farmland.


Amazon rainforest does play a major role in keeping Environment healthy.

But, in last decade we can easily see that many forests have been on target of humans and they are doing every possible thing to gain profit from them, even if it's cause problems to environment. 

Amazon rainforest are burning since last month and still, there is no control over fire the whole world seems worried on this.



While Brazil's prime minister is showing no responsibility on this major issue. 

The 20 million dollars aid by G7 summit has been refused by Brazil.

It looks like they are going to turn Amazon rainforest into some yard for cattle’s so they can sell meat and earn money.

Planet Earth is already facing climate change, global warming, abnormal weather, glaciers melting and what not. 

The actor Leonardo dicaprio was raising funds which will be directly sent to local NGO'S so they take action on their level and try to put a ban on fires in Amazon jungle.


In some reports, it is said that the actual reason of fire in Amazon is farmers living there and rely on natural sources.

Anyone can easily notice that who is going to get advantage if they get an open land to erect a business over there.

A place where water, labor and help of government could be found quickly

DISORDERS OF HAIRS  Hairs are composed of keratin and derived from the epidermal layer The normal hair growth is largely genetica...

DISORDERS OF HAIRS AND THEIR TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF

September 07, 2019 0 Comments



DISORDERS OF HAIRS 




Hairs are composed of keratin and derived from the epidermal layer
The normal hair growth is largely genetically determined

1. HIRUSITISM



Defined as cosmetically unacceptable excessive coarse hair growth in male type distributive pattern In female or in children

 CAUSES

The commonest area affected is face
Majority of woman have idiopathic
Family history present
High serum level of androstenediol, a metabolite of DHT
Endocrinal disorder like cushing syndrome , ovarian tumors , adrenal hyperplasia


TREATMENT

Removal of underlying cause
Bleaching , shaving , electrolysis , chemical epilation , laser therapy
Oral antiadrogens


2. ALOPECIA AREATA




Common idiopathic condition
Well defined patches of baldness without scarring usually on scalp

CAUSES

Family history of atopy
Down’s syndrome
Other autoimmune disorder i.e. thyrotoxicosis ; addison’s disease ; hashimoto thyroiditis

TREAMENT

Topical steroids
Antrlalin (0.5%)
Puva therapy


3. ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA




Common male baldness
Also occur in females mostly after menopause


TREATMENT

No successful therapy
Topical testosterone
Intralesional oestrogens
Corticosteroids
Topical minoxidil
Finasteride 1mg
Scalp surgery
Hair transplant

STROKE  occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and n...

STROKE : SYMPTOMS:; CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS |FINDYOURSELF

September 05, 2019 1 Comments

STROKE





 occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.

Symptoms:-





Trouble with speaking and understanding
Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg. You may develop sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis in your face, arm or leg. This often happens just on one side of your body. 
Trouble with seeing in one or both eyes
Headache
Trouble with walking

Causes

A stroke may be caused by a blocked artery (ischemic stroke) or the leaking or bursting of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Some people may experience only a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain (transient ischemic attack, or TIA) that doesn't cause permanent damage.

Lifestyle risk factors


Being overweight or obese

Physical inactivity

Heavy or binge drinking

Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamines

Blood pressure readings higher than 120/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

Cigarette smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke

High cholesterol

Diabetes

Obstructive sleep apnea

Cardiovascular disease

Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack or transient ischemic attack.
Age —People age 55 or older have a higher risk of stroke than do younger people.

Race — African-Americans have a higher risk of stroke than do people of other races.

Sex — Men have a higher risk of stroke than women. Women are usually older when they have strokes, and they're more likely to die of strokes than are men.

Hormones — use of birth control pills or hormone therapies that include estrogen, as well as increased estrogen levels from pregnancy and childbirth.
Preventive medication:-

Anti-platelet drugs

Anticoagulants

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS Microbial infection of mural endocardium , or valves or lining of blood vessels It is fatal if lef...

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS : CAUSES; SIGNS AND MANAGEMENT

September 03, 2019 0 Comments



INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS





Microbial infection of mural endocardium , or valves or lining of blood vessels
It is fatal if left untreated

TYPES

Acute

Caused by micro organism of high virulence
Involve normal or damaged heart valves
Rapidly destructive
Fatal within 6 weeks if left untreated
Valve destruction leading to mitral or aortic regurgitation is common

Eg : staphylococcus aureus  ; streptococcus ; pneumonia



Subacute

Caused by indigenous micro organism of low virulence
Involves on damaged heart valves
Produces systemic manifestations by bacteraemia , toxaemia, and immune complex formation
Valve destruction is uncommon
Vegetative formation is common hence embolism is frequent

Eg : streptococci ; gram negative bacilli


PATHOLOGY





Bacteria in the circulation are deposited on the endocardium at sites of high flow rate such as surface of right ventricle opposite of VSD and in areas of turbulence in valvular heart disease
Alteration in blood flow leads to sterile vegetation consisting platelets and fibrin
Endocarditis is initiated by transient bacteraemia
Endocarditis commonly involve left than right side of heart

CLINICAL FEATURES

Fever
Nausea
Anorexia
Weight loss
Night sweat
Tachycardia
Varying cardiac murmer
Loss of peripheral pulse
Weakness
Clubbing of finger

 INVESTIGATION

Blood test: ESR and CRP may be elevated
Urine examination: mild proteinuria or haematuria if kidney is affected
Serum complement level (C3): low due to immune complex formation


DIAGNOSIS

Duke criteria


MANAGEMENT

Penicillin G (1.2G I.V): 4-6 hour interval
Gentamicin (1 mg /kg I.V):  8 hour interval
Vancomycin(15 mg/kg I.V): in staphylococcal endocarditis



CONTRAST BATH It is alternate method of applying heat with certain amount of cold to aid the normal body temperature regulating...

CONTRAST BATH AND ITS USES |FINDYOURSELF

September 01, 2019 1 Comments



CONTRAST BATH






It is alternate method of applying heat with certain amount of cold to aid the normal body temperature regulating mechanism.
There is alternate immersion of limb to hot and cold water.

USES

Activates sensory stimulation due to activation of hot and cold receptors.
Helps in reducing local edema by alternate vasoconstriction and vasodilatation.
It increase blood circulation.
Helps to modulate pain.


METHOD OF APPLICATION



Selection of two containers of equal size depend upon the limb to be immersed.
Fill one container with hot water of temperature 40-45 degree Celsius and other with cold water of temperature 15 degree
Celsius
Undress the limb to be treated check for the contraindication in any and check cold and hot sensation.
If treatment is for pain then start and end with hot water and if it is for edema then start and end with cold water.
Place the limb in hot water for 3-4 minutes and immediate immersion in cold water for 1 minute.
Repeat the cycle for 3-4 minutes so that treatment time remain within 15-25 minutes.
There should be constant temperature of hot and cold water during the treatment.


INDICATIONS

Post traumatic swelling
Pain due to swelling
Osteoarthritis
Congestive headache
Infections
Poor circulation
Indolent ulcers
Chronic inflammation

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Diabetes mellitus
Arterial insufficiency
Advanced peripheral vascular disease
Hemorrhage
Impaired circulation
Skin anesthesia
Acute injury

KERALA FLOOD 2019 On 8 August 2019, due to heavy rainfall in the Monsoon season, severe flood affected the southern Indian State ...

KERALA FLOOD 2019 OUTCOMES |FINDYOURSELF

August 30, 2019 1 Comments


KERALA FLOOD 2019



  • On 8 August 2019, due to heavy rainfall in the Monsoon season, severe flood affected the southern Indian State of Kerala. 
  • As a security measure in the prevailing situation of heavy rains, the Government of Kerala has issued Red alert in the 9 districts in Northern and Central Kerala, orange alert in 3 districts in Central Kerala, and yellow alert in the 2 districts of southern Kerala.thousands of people have been evacuated to safer places and relief camps.A total of 101 people have died due to rain-related incidents since 14 August 2019, These camps now host more than 2 lakh people from various parts of the state.
  • As of 14 August 2019 , 121 people have been killed due to the floods across the state of Kerala. Over 2 lakh people have been directly affected by the flood, and have been shifted to 1318 relief camps in different parts of Kerala.Airport authorities suspended operations of the flood-affected Cochin International Airport .
  • The data from the Kerala State Disaster Management states that, as many as1,789 houses had been damaged fully in between 8 and 19 August, while the number of partially damaged houses is 14,542.
  • There have been 80 landslides in the span of 2 days, as said by the Chief Minister. 
  • Many people who are feared to be buried alive under them are being rescued.
  •  It is still a critical situation as the calamities interfere with the rescue operations. Districts that have been severely affected .Immediate financial aid of up to Rs 10,000 each for all calamity-hit families which had suffered losses in the torrential rains.
  • A sum of Rs 4 lakh would be given to those whose houses had been fully damaged or had become uninhabitable and Rs 10 lakh to those who had lost their houses as well as land in the rain fury and landslides, Chief Minister's cabinet meeting


SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION   Hypertension  is also known as high blood pressure.  It is  defined  as transitory ...

SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION : CAUSES AND TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF

August 27, 2019 1 Comments



SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION






 Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. It is defined as transitory (short-lived) or chronic elevation of the blood pressure in the arteries
According to JNC VII (Joint National COMMITTEE) report, systolic BP of <12 mmhg and diastolic of <80 mmhg is considered normal.

sphygmomanometer is a device that measures blood pressure.



NORMAL

SYSTOLIC             <120 mmhg
DIASTOLIC           < 80 mmhg

 PREHYPERTENSION

SYSTOLIC              120 – 139 mmhg 
DIASTOLIC            80 – 89  mmhg 

HPYERTENSION

  • STAGE 1

               SYSTOLIC        140 – 159  mmhg
               DIASTOLIC      90 – 99   mmhg
  • STAGE 2

              SYSTOLIC              >160 mmhg
              DIASTOLIC            >100 mmhg

In some patient blood pressure, though remaining within normal range, increases whenever they visit a doctor called as WHITE COAT HYPERTENSION


 CAUSES

PRIMARY CAUSE

  • Essential hypertension


SECONDARY CAUSE

  1.  Renal diseases
  2. Endocrine disorders
  •  Cushing syndrome
  • Conn’s syndrome
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Acromegaly 
       3. Drug induced
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Corticosteroids


     4.Toxemia in pregnancy
     5. SLE
     6. Coarctation of aorta


SYMPTOMS



 Headache
Palpitation
Dizziness
Easy fatiguability
Epistaxis
Blurring of vision
Haematuria
Transient ischemic attack
Stroke
Breathlessness
Polyuria
Polydipsia

 TREATMENT

  1. GENERAL MEASURES

  •  Relief of stress
  • Diet planning
  • Regular exercise
  • No smoking


     2. DRUG THERAPY

  •   Diuretics
  • Anti adrenergic drugs
  • Beta blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
  • vasodilators







CONJUNCTIVITIS  OR PINK EYE It is an irritation or inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the white part of the eyeball...

CONJUNCTIVITIS : CAUSES AND TREATMENT |FINDYOURSELF

August 25, 2019 1 Comments

CONJUNCTIVITIS OR PINK EYE




It is an irritation or inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the white part of the eyeball. It can be caused by allergies or a bacterial or viral infection. Conjunctivitis can be extremely contagious. It's important to stop wearing contact lenses whilst affected by conjunctivitis. It often resolves on its own, but treatment can speed the recovery process.

Cause:-


·         bacterial infection
·         viral infection
  • A chemical splash in the eye
  • A foreign object in the eye
  • In newborns, a blocked tear duct

Symptoms:-




  • Redness in one or both eyes
  • Itchiness in one or both eyes
  • A gritty feeling in one or both eyes
  • A discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the night that may prevent your eye or eyes from opening in the morning
  • Tearing

When to see a doctor:-

There are serious eye conditions that can cause eye redness. These conditions may cause eye pain, a feeling that something is stuck in your eye (foreign body sensation), blurred vision and light sensitivity. 

Diagnosis


recent health history.
doctor may take a sample of the liquid that drains from your eye for laboratory analysis (culture).

Treatment

Pink eye treatment is usually focused on symptom relief. Your doctor may recommend using artificial tears, cleaning your eyelids with a wet cloth, and applying cold or warm compresses several times daily.
may be an option if your doctor determines that your viral conjunctivitis is caused by the herpes simplex virus.


Complications

In both children and adults, pink eye can cause inflammation in the cornea that can affect vision. Prompt evaluation and treatment by your doctor for eye pain, a feeling that something is stuck in your eye (foreign body sensation), blurred vision or light sensitivity can reduce the risk of complications.

Which doctor should be consult :-

·       General physician