KERALA FLOOD 2019 On 8 August 2019, due to heavy rainfall in the Monsoon season, severe flood affected the southern Indian State ...


KERALA FLOOD 2019



  • On 8 August 2019, due to heavy rainfall in the Monsoon season, severe flood affected the southern Indian State of Kerala. 
  • As a security measure in the prevailing situation of heavy rains, the Government of Kerala has issued Red alert in the 9 districts in Northern and Central Kerala, orange alert in 3 districts in Central Kerala, and yellow alert in the 2 districts of southern Kerala.thousands of people have been evacuated to safer places and relief camps.A total of 101 people have died due to rain-related incidents since 14 August 2019, These camps now host more than 2 lakh people from various parts of the state.
  • As of 14 August 2019 , 121 people have been killed due to the floods across the state of Kerala. Over 2 lakh people have been directly affected by the flood, and have been shifted to 1318 relief camps in different parts of Kerala.Airport authorities suspended operations of the flood-affected Cochin International Airport .
  • The data from the Kerala State Disaster Management states that, as many as1,789 houses had been damaged fully in between 8 and 19 August, while the number of partially damaged houses is 14,542.
  • There have been 80 landslides in the span of 2 days, as said by the Chief Minister. 
  • Many people who are feared to be buried alive under them are being rescued.
  •  It is still a critical situation as the calamities interfere with the rescue operations. Districts that have been severely affected .Immediate financial aid of up to Rs 10,000 each for all calamity-hit families which had suffered losses in the torrential rains.
  • A sum of Rs 4 lakh would be given to those whose houses had been fully damaged or had become uninhabitable and Rs 10 lakh to those who had lost their houses as well as land in the rain fury and landslides, Chief Minister's cabinet meeting
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SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION   Hypertension  is also known as high blood pressure.  It is  defined  as transitory ...



SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION






 Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure. It is defined as transitory (short-lived) or chronic elevation of the blood pressure in the arteries
According to JNC VII (Joint National COMMITTEE) report, systolic BP of <12 mmhg and diastolic of <80 mmhg is considered normal.

A sphygmomanometer is a device that measures blood pressure.



NORMAL

SYSTOLIC             <120 mmhg
DIASTOLIC           < 80 mmhg

 PREHYPERTENSION

SYSTOLIC              120 – 139 mmhg 
DIASTOLIC            80 – 89  mmhg 

HPYERTENSION

  • STAGE 1

               SYSTOLIC        140 – 159  mmhg
               DIASTOLIC      90 – 99   mmhg
  • STAGE 2

              SYSTOLIC              >160 mmhg
              DIASTOLIC            >100 mmhg

In some patient blood pressure, though remaining within normal range, increases whenever they visit a doctor called as WHITE COAT HYPERTENSION


 CAUSES

PRIMARY CAUSE

  • Essential hypertension


SECONDARY CAUSE

  1.  Renal diseases
  2. Endocrine disorders
  •  Cushing syndrome
  • Conn’s syndrome
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Acromegaly 
       3. Drug induced
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Corticosteroids


     4.Toxemia in pregnancy
     5. SLE
     6. Coarctation of aorta


SYMPTOMS



 Headache
Palpitation
Dizziness
Easy fatiguability
Epistaxis
Blurring of vision
Haematuria
Transient ischemic attack
Stroke
Breathlessness
Polyuria
Polydipsia

 TREATMENT

  1. GENERAL MEASURES

  •  Relief of stress
  • Diet planning
  • Regular exercise
  • No smoking


     2. DRUG THERAPY

  •   Diuretics
  • Anti adrenergic drugs
  • Beta blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
  • vasodilators
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CONJUNCTIVITIS  OR PINK EYE It is an irritation or inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the white part of the eyeball...

CONJUNCTIVITIS OR PINK EYE




It is an irritation or inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the white part of the eyeball. It can be caused by allergies or a bacterial or viral infection. Conjunctivitis can be extremely contagious. It's important to stop wearing contact lenses whilst affected by conjunctivitis. It often resolves on its own, but treatment can speed the recovery process.

Cause:-


·         bacterial infection
·         viral infection
  • A chemical splash in the eye
  • A foreign object in the eye
  • In newborns, a blocked tear duct

Symptoms:-




  • Redness in one or both eyes
  • Itchiness in one or both eyes
  • A gritty feeling in one or both eyes
  • A discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the night that may prevent your eye or eyes from opening in the morning
  • Tearing

When to see a doctor:-

There are serious eye conditions that can cause eye redness. These conditions may cause eye pain, a feeling that something is stuck in your eye (foreign body sensation), blurred vision and light sensitivity. 

Diagnosis


recent health history.
doctor may take a sample of the liquid that drains from your eye for laboratory analysis (culture).

Treatment

Pink eye treatment is usually focused on symptom relief. Your doctor may recommend using artificial tears, cleaning your eyelids with a wet cloth, and applying cold or warm compresses several times daily.
may be an option if your doctor determines that your viral conjunctivitis is caused by the herpes simplex virus.


Complications

In both children and adults, pink eye can cause inflammation in the cornea that can affect vision. Prompt evaluation and treatment by your doctor for eye pain, a feeling that something is stuck in your eye (foreign body sensation), blurred vision or light sensitivity can reduce the risk of complications.

Which doctor should be consult :-

·       General physician
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CONSTIPATION Constipation can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease. Constipation is a condition of the dige...


CONSTIPATION




  • Constipation can have causes that aren't due to underlying disease.
  • Constipation is a condition of the digestive system where an individual has hard feces that are difficult to expel.

Cause:-



Constipation generally occurs because too much water is absorbed from food

Causes of constipation 

include physical inactivity, certain medications, and aging
Some cases of constipation can be relieved by lifestyle changes
Laxatives should only be used as a last resort

Symptoms:-



Passing fewer stools than usual can be a sign of constipation.
stomach ache
stomach cramps
feeling bloated and nauseous
losing appetite

Treatment:-

Only use these laxatives as a last resort:

Stimulants: 

These make the muscles in the intestines contract rhythmically. These include Correctol, Dulcolax, and Senokot.

Lubricants:

 These help the stool move down the colon more easily. These include mineral oil and Fleet.

Stool softeners: 

These moisten the stool. Stool softeners include Colace and Surfak.

Fiber supplements: 

These are perhaps the safest laxatives. They are also called bulk laxatives. They include FiberCon, Metamucil, Konsyl, Serutan, and Citrucel and should be taken with plenty of water. If you want to buy bulk laxatives, then there is an excellent selection online with thousands of customer reviews.

Osmotics: 

These facilitate the movement of fluids through the colon. These include Cephulac, Sorbitol, and Miralax.

Saline laxatives:

 These draw water into the colon and include milk of magnesia.

Chloride channel activators: 

These require a prescription and include lubiprostone (Amitiza).

5-HT-4 agonists:

 They increase the secretion of fluid in the intestines and speed up the rate at which food passes through the colon. They include Prucalopride.
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 TENNIS ELBOW Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a painful condition that occurs when tendons in your elbow are overloaded, u...


 TENNIS ELBOW



Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a painful condition that occurs when tendons in your elbow are overloaded, usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and arm. The pain of tennis elbow occurs primarily where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to a bony bump on the outside of your elbow. Pain can also spread into your forearm and wrist

 

Causes


As the name suggests, playing tennis — especially repeated use of the backhand stroke with poor technique .

Using plumbing tools
Painting
Driving screws
Cutting up cooking ingredients, particularly meat
Repetitive computer mouse use

Risk factors

·         Age. 

·          Occupation. 

·         Certain sports

Symptoms



The pain associated with tennis elbow may radiate from the outside of your elbow into your forearm and wrist.

·         Shake hands or grip an object

·         Turn a doorknob

·         Hold a coffee cup

Diagnosis



·         Doctor do physical examination.

Treatment

  •    Physiotherapy treatment
  • Injections. 
  • Ultrasonic tenotomy (TENEX procedure). 
  •  Surgery.
Lifestyle and home remedies

·         Rest. 

·         Pain relievers

·         Iceing
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GALL BLADDER STONE (CHOLELITHIASIS) The gallbladder is a small organ located on the underside of the liver. Stones can form wh...


GALL BLADDER STONE (CHOLELITHIASIS)




The gallbladder is a small organ located on the underside of the liver. Stones can form when there is a chemical imbalance in the gallbladder. People with overweight and obesity are more likely to develop gallstones. Experts believe a low-fat, high-fiber diet may help prevent gallstones.


Causes:-


Gallstones may form when the chemicals in the gallbladder are out of balance, such as cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate.

There are two main types of gallstones:



  •   Cholesterol gallstones

  •   Pigment gallstones

 

Risk factors:-


women who have been pregnant
family history
people who have recently lost lots of weight
intentionally losing weight rapidly and then regaining it may increase men's risk for gallstones later in life
women taking oral contraceptives
being sedentary
women undergoing high-dose estrogen therapy
people with a close relative who has had gallstones
people whose intake of dietary fat is high
people over 60 years of age
people who take cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins
people with diabetes
 

Symptoms:-



pain on the right-hand side of the body, just below the ribs
back pain between the shoulder blades
pain in the right shoulder
nausea
vomiting
sweating
restlessness

Diagnosis:-

·       Blood tests may be used to look for signs of infection, obstruction, pancreatitis, or jaundice.
·       Cholangiography
·       CT scan
·       Cholescintigraphy (HIDA scan)


Treatment:-




Surgery

laparoscopic gallbladder removal

Nonsurgical treatments

Medication is not commonly used anymore because laparoscopic and robotic techniques make surgery much less risky than it used to be.

Shock wave lithotripsy is another option.

Foods to avoid


Reduce your intake of fats and choose low-fat foods whenever possible. Avoid high-fat, greasy, and fried foods.
Add fiber to your diet to make your bowel movements more solid. Try to add only a serving of fiber at a time to prevent gas that can occur from eating excess fiber.
Avoid foods and drinks known to cause diarrhea, including caffeinated drinks, high-fat dairy products, and very sweet foods.
Eat several small meals per day. Smaller meals are easier for the body to digest.
Drink a sufficient amount of water. This is about 6 to 8 glasses per day
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ASTHMA Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult a...


ASTHMA



Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath and it can be a major problem that interferes with daily activities and may lead to a life-threatening asthma attack.Asthma can't be cured, but its symptoms can be controlled. Because asthma often changes over time.

Symptoms


·         Shortness of breath

·         Chest tightness or pain

·         Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing

·         A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling (wheezing is a common sign of asthma in children)

·         Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu

·         Increasing difficulty breathing

·         The need to use a quick-relief inhaler more often

·         Exercise-induced asthma

·         Occupational asthma

·         Allergy-induced asthma

Causes




Exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies (allergens) can trigger signs and symptoms of asthma. Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include:

Airborne substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander or particles of cockroach waste
Respiratory infections, such as the common cold
Physical activity (exercise-induced asthma)
Cold air
Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke
Certain medications, including beta blockers, aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen (Aleve)
Strong emotions and stress
Sulfides and preservatives added to some types of foods and beverages, including shrimp, dried fruit, processed potatoes, beer and wine
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acids back up into your throat
 


Risk factors:




Having a blood relative (such as a parent or sibling) with asthma
Having another allergic condition, such as atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Being overweight
Being a smoker
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Exposure to exhaust fumes or other types of pollution
Exposure to occupational triggers, such as chemicals used in farming, hairdressing and manufacturing

Complications

Signs and symptoms that interfere with sleep, work or recreational activities
Sick days from work or school during asthma flare-ups
Permanent narrowing of the bronchial tubes (airway remodeling) that affects how well you can breathe
Emergency room visits and hospitalizations for severe asthma attacks
Side effects from long-term use of some medications used to stabilize severe asthma

Prevention:-

Follow your asthma action plan
Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia. 
Identify and avoid asthma triggers.
Monitor your breathing. 
Identify and treat attacks early. 
Take your medication as prescribed
Pay attention to increasing quick-relief inhaler use..
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